Can You Rank in ChatGPT and other LLMs?

“Can we influence ChatGPT?” sounds like a practical question, but for a marketing team it is still far too broad. Influence what, exactly? A single answer? Whether a product page can be retrieved? How often a brand is cited across a defined set of prompts? Or what a custom assistant can access and use? These … Read more

How AI Search Disruption Affected Ecommerce, B2B Lead Generation and Informational Publishing Differently

In mid-2025, we modeled a progressive deterioration of search-dependent web performance driven by AI Search in two structural changes: increasing zero-click behavior within search engines and the growing tendency of users to obtain answers directly from LLMs rather than initiating a traditional Google or Bing search. The original downside model assumed approximately −15% after 12 … Read more

How to Change Language in Looker Studio / Data Studio in 2026

changing language in data studio

Are you also here to change language in Looker Studio? Changing language of the report and widgets in Google Data Studio can be terribly frustrating; there are plenty of guides out there from when it was still called “Looker Studio”, but none seems to work. And yet, the simplest thing to make it work is … Read more

How LLMs extract and quote snippets

When an AI-generated answer uses information from your website, what did the system actually see? The intuitive explanation is that an assistant finds the page, reads it and quotes the relevant part. In practice, LLM content extraction can involve several intermediate representations: search-result summaries, parsed documents, retrieved passages, reranked candidates and a final context assembled … Read more

How LLMs Work – Deep Technical Overview

Large Language Models are now embedded in search, content workflows, analytics tools and marketing platforms. But before asking how to optimize for them, influence them or measure visibility inside them, there is a more basic question we need to answer: What is the system actually doing? That question sounds obvious, but many of the expressions … Read more

How LLMs have disrupted Search Marketing

Search marketing has always connected an information need with a discoverable result and, ideally, a useful next action. What is changing is where some of the reading, comparison and evaluation now happens. On a conventional search results page, the user sees a list of links, chooses a source and then starts evaluating what it says. … Read more

LLM Pre-Training Explained: Tokens, Data & Model Weights

The foundation of a Large Language Model begins with pre-training: the computationally intensive stage in which the model learns statistical structure from a very large collection of examples. The important word here is learns, because it is easy to give it a human meaning it does not have. During pre-training, the model is not reading … Read more

Inside LLMs: Neural Networks & Attention

What happens between a sentence entering a language model and the model producing an answer? At the transformer level, three ideas do much of the explanatory work: numerical representations, attention and sequence structure. Together they help explain how information in the available context can interact while a model computes its next output. For marketers, this … Read more

Inside LLMs: RLHF, RLAIF & the Evolution of Model Alignment

Pre-training gives a language model a broad ability to continue text, represent patterns and perform many tasks. But that alone does not make it behave like the assistant a user expects. A user usually wants something more specific: follow the instruction, respect the requested format, preserve important conditions, avoid unsupported claims and communicate uncertainty when … Read more

Inside LLMs: why LLMs don’t really “know” things

Large language models create an uncomfortable combination: they can answer difficult questions remarkably well and still make elementary factual mistakes. The easy explanation is to say that LLMs “do not really know anything”. But that statement is too blunt to be useful. If a system correctly compares two products, follows a technical specification or solves … Read more