machine learning

LLM Pre-Training Explained: Tokens, Data & Model Weights

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The foundation of a Large Language Model begins with pre-training: the computationally intensive stage in which the model learns statistical structure from a very large collection of examples. The important word here is learns, because it is easy to give it a human meaning it does not have. During pre-training, the model is not reading … Read more

Inside LLMs: RLHF, RLAIF & the Evolution of Model Alignment

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Pre-training gives a language model a broad ability to continue text, represent patterns and perform many tasks. But that alone does not make it behave like the assistant a user expects. A user usually wants something more specific: follow the instruction, respect the requested format, preserve important conditions, avoid unsupported claims and communicate uncertainty when … Read more